Bump tree-sitter and related core language parser libraries (#14986)

Closes https://github.com/zed-industries/zed/issues/4565

To fix issues with code blocks' parsing in Markdown, a
tree-sitter-markdown library update is needed.
But `tree_sitter::language` is used in many places within core Zed,
which forced more library updates.

Release Notes:

- Updated tree-sitter parsers for core languages

---------

Co-authored-by: Max Brunsfeld <max@zed.dev>
Co-authored-by: Piotr Osiewicz <piotr@zed.dev>

crates/languages/Cargo.toml

@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ tree-sitter-c.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-cpp.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-css.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-go.workspace = true
-tree-sitter-gomod.workspace = true
+tree-sitter-go-mod.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-gowork.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-jsdoc.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-json.workspace = true
-tree-sitter-markdown.workspace = true
-tree-sitter-proto.workspace = true
+tree-sitter-md.workspace = true
+protols-tree-sitter-proto.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-python.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-regex.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-rust.workspace = true