Pull app / OS info out of GPUI, add Linux information, make fallible window initialization (#12869)

TODO:
- [x] Finish GPUI changes on other operating systems 

This is a largely internal change to how we report data to our
diagnostics and telemetry. This PR also includes an update to our blade
backend which allows us to report errors in a more useful way when
failing to initialize blade.


Release Notes:

- N/A

---------

Co-authored-by: Conrad Irwin <conrad.irwin@gmail.com>

crates/gpui/examples/animation.rs

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ fn main() {
             cx.open_window(options, |cx| {
                 cx.activate(false);
                 cx.new_view(|_cx| AnimationExample {})
-            });
+            })
+            .unwrap();
         });
 }