Pull app / OS info out of GPUI, add Linux information, make fallible window initialization (#12869)

TODO:
- [x] Finish GPUI changes on other operating systems 

This is a largely internal change to how we report data to our
diagnostics and telemetry. This PR also includes an update to our blade
backend which allows us to report errors in a more useful way when
failing to initialize blade.


Release Notes:

- N/A

---------

Co-authored-by: Conrad Irwin <conrad.irwin@gmail.com>

crates/gpui/src/platform/linux/x11/window.rs

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ impl X11WindowState {
         atoms: &XcbAtoms,
         scale_factor: f32,
         appearance: WindowAppearance,
-    ) -> Self {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
         let x_screen_index = params
             .display_id
             .map_or(x_main_screen_index, |did| did.0 as usize);
@@ -249,8 +249,7 @@ impl X11WindowState {
             xcb_connection
                 .create_colormap(xproto::ColormapAlloc::NONE, id, visual_set.root, visual.id)
                 .unwrap()
-                .check()
-                .unwrap();
+                .check()?;
             id
         };
 
@@ -282,8 +281,7 @@ impl X11WindowState {
                 &win_aux,
             )
             .unwrap()
-            .check()
-            .unwrap();
+            .check()?;
 
         if let Some(titlebar) = params.titlebar {
             if let Some(title) = titlebar.title {
@@ -346,7 +344,7 @@ impl X11WindowState {
                     },
                 )
             }
-            .unwrap(),
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{:?}", e))?,
         );
 
         let config = BladeSurfaceConfig {
@@ -356,7 +354,7 @@ impl X11WindowState {
             transparent: params.window_background != WindowBackgroundAppearance::Opaque,
         };
 
-        Self {
+        Ok(Self {
             client,
             executor,
             display: Rc::new(X11Display::new(xcb_connection, x_screen_index).unwrap()),
@@ -370,7 +368,7 @@ impl X11WindowState {
             appearance,
             handle,
             destroyed: false,
-        }
+        })
     }
 
     fn content_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
@@ -432,8 +430,8 @@ impl X11Window {
         atoms: &XcbAtoms,
         scale_factor: f32,
         appearance: WindowAppearance,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self(X11WindowStatePtr {
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self(X11WindowStatePtr {
             state: Rc::new(RefCell::new(X11WindowState::new(
                 handle,
                 client,
@@ -445,11 +443,11 @@ impl X11Window {
                 atoms,
                 scale_factor,
                 appearance,
-            ))),
+            )?)),
             callbacks: Rc::new(RefCell::new(Callbacks::default())),
             xcb_connection: xcb_connection.clone(),
             x_window,
-        })
+        }))
     }
 
     fn set_wm_hints(&self, wm_hint_property_state: WmHintPropertyState, prop1: u32, prop2: u32) {