Pull app / OS info out of GPUI, add Linux information, make fallible window initialization (#12869)

TODO:
- [x] Finish GPUI changes on other operating systems 

This is a largely internal change to how we report data to our
diagnostics and telemetry. This PR also includes an update to our blade
backend which allows us to report errors in a more useful way when
failing to initialize blade.


Release Notes:

- N/A

---------

Co-authored-by: Conrad Irwin <conrad.irwin@gmail.com>

crates/markdown/examples/markdown.rs

@@ -147,7 +147,8 @@ pub fn main() {
                     cx,
                 )
             })
-        });
+        })
+        .unwrap();
     });
 }