Pull app / OS info out of GPUI, add Linux information, make fallible window initialization (#12869)

TODO:
- [x] Finish GPUI changes on other operating systems 

This is a largely internal change to how we report data to our
diagnostics and telemetry. This PR also includes an update to our blade
backend which allows us to report errors in a more useful way when
failing to initialize blade.


Release Notes:

- N/A

---------

Co-authored-by: Conrad Irwin <conrad.irwin@gmail.com>

crates/zed/Cargo.toml

@@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ zed_actions.workspace = true
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.build-dependencies]
 winresource = "0.1"
 
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
+ashpd.workspace = true
+
 [dev-dependencies]
 call = { workspace = true, features = ["test-support"] }
 editor = { workspace = true, features = ["test-support"] }